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HackPath

Terminal Mastery

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Lessons
Foundations
01What Is a Shell?
12 min
02CLI vs GUI — Two ways to interact with a computer
14 min
03What Is Bash?
15 min
04Popular Shells — Bash, Zsh, Fish, and sh
16 min
05What is scripting?
16 min
06Configure Bash — Your working environment
18 min
Linux Basics
07Linux Filesystem Tree — Everything Is a File
16 min
08Move around — cd, pwd, and ls
18 min
09Create, copy, move, delete
20 min
10Linux Permissions — Read, Modify, and Understand Access Rights
22 min
11Finding Files — find and locate
20 min
12Completion and Keyboard Shortcuts — Type Less, Do More
18 min
Streams and Text Processing
13stdin, stdout and stderr — The Three Data Streams
16 min
14Redirect output — > and >>
16 min
15Redirect input — <
14 min
16Pipes — Connecting Commands Together
20 min
17Redirect stderr — Handling errors in your pipelines
18 min
18Advanced pipelines and recap
20 min
19grep — Filter and Search in Text
20 min
20sed — Transform text on the fly
20 min
21awk — Processing Structured Data
22 min
22sort, uniq, and wc — Sort, deduplicate, and count
16 min
23cut, paste and join — Working with columns
16 min
24tr — Transforming Characters
14 min
Text Editors
25Choosing your editor — nano, vim, and the others
12 min
26nano — The Accessible Editor
14 min
27vim — Understanding Modes
18 min
28vim — Movements, Operators, and Search
20 min
29vim — Registers, Macros, and Windows
20 min
30Configure your editor — .vimrc and .nanorc
14 min
Scripting Bash
31Variables and Types in Bash
18 min
32Operators and Arithmetic in Bash
16 min
33Conditions — if, elif, else and case
18 min
34Loops — for, while, and until
20 min
35Functions — Organize and reuse code
18 min
36Debugging and script robustness
18 min
Processes and Scheduling
37Understanding Linux processes
16 min
38ps and top — Observing processes
18 min
39Job control — fg, bg, nohup, and screen
18 min
40cron and at — Scheduling tasks
18 min
41kill, nice and renice — Control Priorities
14 min
42lsof, fuser, and Summary — Inspect Resources
16 min
Networking
43Ping, traceroute and network diagnostics
16 min
44curl and wget — Interacting with the web
20 min
45SSH — Secure remote connections
22 min
46rsync — Smart file synchronization
18 min
47ss, netstat, and nmap — Inspect the network
18 min
48nc, tcpdump, and Network Summary
16 min
System Administration
49apt and yum — Package Management
18 min
50tar, gzip and zip — Managing Archives
16 min
51df, du, mount and lsblk — Disks and storage
16 min
52systemd and journalctl — Managing Services
18 min
53Advanced Users, Groups, and Permissions
18 min
54Final Synthesis — Your Reference Workflow
20 min

Lesson 24

tr — Transforming Characters

Master tr to transliterate, delete, and squeeze characters — a simple but essential tool for cleaning and normalizing text in your pipelines.

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